EJERCICIO 31

TEMA 1:TIC

DOMAIN NAME

DOMAIN NAME: A domain name (often called simply domain) is an easy-to-remember name associated with a physical Internet IP address. It is a unique name that is displayed behind the @ sign in the email addresses and after www. in the web addresses. For example, the domain name (example.com) could be translated to the physical address 876.915.257.7. Other examples of domain names could be (Google.com and Wikipedia.org). When using a domain name to identify a location on the Internet instead of the numerical IP address, it is much easier to remember and type web addresses.
    
  一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一

• WEB ADDRESS: Web addresses contain the information needed to find the server.
• WWW:   World Wide Web→ www.google.es
• IP: The number that identifies each device within a network.
• BINARY SYSTEM:                                                                                                                                                        This is the way to pass decimal numbers to the binary 
• URL: Code that has associated each computer with a file, photo ... 

  一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一

• DEL  SISTEMA BINARIO AL SISTEMA DECIMAL 

一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一
THE BINARY SYSTEM: only uses two digits or numbers: zero (0) and one (1).
The popularity of the binary system is that it is used by computers
BIT: a unit of measure of information {in the computer science} that is equivalent to the selection between two alternatives that have the same degree of probability.
BYTE: A set of 8 bits that receives the treatment of a unit and that constitutes the minimum element of addressable memory of a computer

一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一

EXAMPLE OF NUMERIC IPv4:

一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一ーーーー                                          HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Hardware: It is physical parts of a computer and related devices.the computer mouse you are using to read this text and the mouseyou are using to navigate this web page is computer hardware. 

Software: Is a collection of code installed onto your computer's hard drive. The internet bowser (google) that allowed you to visit this page and the operating sistem that the browser is running on is considered software.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

STAGES OF A COMPUTER OPERATING

➡Etrance ーEntrance devices

➡Storage

  ➡Process

  ➡Way out ー Way out devices

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

   CPU

   CPU:Central Processing Unit, The CPU is the brain of the computer, we refer to the part of the computer in which they control and originate direct commands that generate the different functions of the CPU. In the CPU all calculations of the binary code of the computer are made. In general, it is the most important part of the system.

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
   MEMORIES
  ➡ RAM:(random access memory)is the place in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than other kinds of storage in a computer

   ➡ ROM:(read-only memory ) is "built-in" computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to. ROM contains the programming that allows your computer to be "booted up" or regenerated each time you turn it on.The data in ROM is not lost when the computer power is turned off. The ROM is sustained by a small long-life battery in your computer.

   ➡ Cache:Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. This memory is typically integrated directly with the CPU chip or placed on a separate  chip that has a separate bus interconnect with the CPU.

The basic purpose of cache memory is to store progam instructions that are frequently re-referenced by software during operation. 

一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一

STORAGE DEVICES

➡MAGNETIC STORAGE:Magnetic storage is the manipulation of magnetic fields on a medium in order to record audio, video or other data.Read and write heads (either combined or separate) are used to align the magnetic fields on the recording medium. A great variety of analog and digital devices using magnetic storage.

➡ OPTICAL STORAGE:Optical storage is any storage method in which data is written and read with a laser for archival or backup purposes. Typically, data is written to optical media, such as CDs and DVDs. For several years, proponents have spoken of optical storage as a near-future replacement for both hard drives in personal computers and tape backup in mass storage.

➡FLASH MEMORY:Flash memory is a type of nonvolatile memory that erases data in units called bloks.Flash memory retains data for an extended period of time whether a flash-equipped device is powered on or off.

一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一

OPERATIVE SISTEMS

➡CLI:(command line interface) is a user interface to a computer's operating system or an application in which the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a command on a specified line, receives a response back from the system, and then enters another command, and so forth. 

➡CUI:(character user interface or command-line user interface) is a prompt used to interact with computer programs. It works by allowing the user to issue commands as one or more lines of text to a program. One of the CUI's uses is that it provides an easy way to implement programming scripts.

FUNCTIONS

1)Process Management:The Operating System also Treats the Process Management means all the Processes those are given by the user or the Process those are System ‘s own Process are Handled by the Operating System . The Operating System will Create the Priorities foe the user and also Start or Stops the Execution of the Process and Also Makes the Child Process after dividing the Large Processes into the Small Processes.

2)Memory Management:Operating System also Manages the Memory of the Computer System means Provide the Memory to the Process and Also Deallocate the Memory from the Process. And also defines that if a Process gets completed then this will deallocate the Memory from the Processes. 

3)Extended Machine:Operating System also behaves like an Extended Machine means Operating system also Provides us Sharing of Files between Multiple Users, also Provides Some Graphical Environments and also Provides Various Languages for Communications and also Provides Many Complex Operations like using Many Hardware’s and Software’s.

4)Mastermind: Operating System also performs Many Functions and for those Reasons we can say that Operating System is a Mastermind. It provides Booting without an Operating System and Provides Facility to increase the Logical Memory of the Computer System by using the Physical Memory of the Computer System and also provides various Types of Formats Like NTFS and FAT File Systems.